Cybersecurity Careers
Cybersecurity offers the chance to make an impact on a global issue: protecting data and systems from hackers. It’s a field that requires strong transferable technical skills and has great flexibility.
Finding the right fit can take some time, but once you do, there are plenty of opportunities to advance. Here are a few of the most common cybersecurity careers:
Security Analyst
Cybersecurity jobs offer competitive salaries and job security, as companies rely more on digital technology to conduct business. This specialized field requires ingenuity and problem-solving skills, and it is always evolving to stay ahead of malicious hackers who seek to exploit businesses and personal computers.
As a cybersecurity analyst, you would monitor computer software to protect networks and organizational information. You might also be responsible for creating procedures for IT employees and training them on how to be aware of security threats. You’d be able to use your in-depth knowledge of security systems and technologies, including firewalls, encryption, information assurance, Linux, UNIX, SIEM, application security engineering and architecture, and risk management.
Most positions for cybersecurity analysts require a bachelor’s degree in computer science or programming. You can choose a program that focuses on the security elements of computing or opt for one with a master’s in cybersecurity. You can also acquire specialized certifications, such as the Certified Information Systems Security Professional credential or the Certified Ethical Hacker credential.
Security Engineer
Cybersecurity engineers work with security analysts and IT teams to build and implement software programs, systems, and technology to help prevent cyber attacks. They also monitor cyber threat trends and develop new tools to combat the most dangerous threats.
They may specialize in a specific area like penetration testing, threat research, or incident response. Specializing in a particular niche helps them keep up with the latest hacker tactics and security technology trends. Continuous learning and professional certifications help them stay on top of their game.
Many cybersecurity professionals start out in IT or computer support positions before making the transition to security. This allows them to gain hands-on experience and build trust within their organization before taking on a more specialized role. However, they should always consider their own personality and skills when deciding how to get into the field. Some people are not suited for more management-oriented roles like those of security engineer, penetration tester, or forensic analyst.
Forensic Analyst
Cyberattacks are increasing rapidly, and qualified professionals are needed to safeguard data, protect networks, and create contingency plans. This position is one of the most advanced in cybersecurity, and it involves identifying and mitigating threats as they emerge.
Forensic analysts investigate computer crimes, using a range of investigative software and tools including Encase, FTK and Cellebrite. They must also be able to understand and interpret technical evidence and report findings in court. The work can be physically demanding as the analyst may need to visit crime scenes, take equipment on loan and attend court cases.
The qualifications you need to enter this role vary depending on the employer and the type of work you do. However, the majority of entry-level jobs require at least a bachelor’s degree. Some employers specify a masters in computer forensics, cyber security or a related subject, while others offer graduate schemes that accept a wide range of computing or science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) degrees.
Security Architect
The security architect position requires leadership skills and a strong technical background. It’s a step up from the entry-level roles of penetration tester, cybersecurity consultant, and security engineer. Typically, security architects have at least a bachelor’s degree in information technology, computer science, or a similar field. Many also have advanced certifications like SABSA or CISM.
Security architects manage the information systems of their company and ensure that they have adequate security measures in place. This includes creating standards for routers, firewalls, LANs, VPNs, and servers. They also perform tests to determine the vulnerability of these systems and develop plans for addressing any weaknesses.
Analytical, tech-minded people may enjoy this role. Superior written and verbal communication skills are essential, as well as the ability to train non-IT employees on new cybersecurity procedures. A security architect must be able to adapt quickly as threats evolve.
The Importance of Cybersecurity
Every day we rely more and more on computers, smartphones, the internet, entertainment, transportation and even medicine. That’s why strong cybersecurity is critical.
Cyberattacks can steal proprietary information, damage your financial security, disrupt business services and harm your reputation. The good news is that there are many ways to thwart attackers.
Information Security
Information security is about protecting information in any form, whether it’s digital or physical. It includes systems and policies that prevent unauthorized access to information, as well as protecting it from damage or theft.
It also protects the integrity of information, as well as the authentication and confidentiality of that information. This may be done through monitoring, auditing and testing of system infrastructure and software to ensure it’s not compromised or attacked by malware, hackers or insiders.
InfoSec teams are also responsible for securing end-user protection tools, such as anti-virus software and firewalls. Employees need to be properly trained on how to use these tools and understand the importance of avoiding social engineering and phishing attacks, for example. It’s also vital to keep these tools updated and running, so they can detect threats and provide timely defences. This reduces the risk of a data breach, as well as speeding up investigation and response times in case a breach does occur.
Network Security
As more information is stored on digital systems and transmitted across wired and wireless networks, including the omnipresent internet, cyber security solutions are critical. This data can include customer information, proprietary intellectual property and financial records. It can also be accessed by criminals or terrorists who can use this information to commit fraud, corporate espionage and other crimes.
A good cyber security strategy will include network security tools to prevent unauthorized access and attacks, detect those attacks in progress and respond quickly to minimize the impact. Cybersecurity solutions will also help ensure that only those who have a need to be on the network can get there.
Every business needs a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy in place to protect against costly disruptions and the loss of vital data. The costs of a cyber attack can include substantial fines, lost productivity and damaged reputation. There are also non-financial costs that can be incurred from the leaking of personal data that may result in identity theft.
Identity and Access Management
Identity and access management, or IAM, is a crucial part of cybersecurity strategies. It is a broad framework of policies and technologies that manages users and their access to technology resources on a network. IAM systems can reduce the risk of data breaches by providing granular access control to corporate data and applications.
This includes the ability to monitor employee usage of privileged information. IAM also helps to ensure compliance with a host of regulatory standards, including HIPAA, SOX and Sarbanes-Oxley.
This highly specialized offshoot of IT, often led by the CIO or CISO, can be lucrative because of its widespread impact on business and the wide range of skills needed to succeed in this field. IAM is a complex and fast-growing area that offers plenty of opportunities for professional development. Cybersecurity professionals who focus on IAM are often in high demand. This field is poised to become even more lucrative as businesses continue to depend on digital technology.
Data Security
Data is at the core of every organization and is a prime target for criminals looking to steal, damage or disrupt operations. Cybersecurity strategies and technologies protect digital data from attacks by ensuring that the right people have the right access to the information they need.
In addition to protecting against threats that could expose sensitive or confidential information, cybersecurity involves defending the technology that stores and processes that data. This includes the network, computers and mobile devices employees use to access information. It also includes cloud services and the security of digital environments like the Internet of Things.
Regular news reports of cyberattacks and data breaches leave no doubt that strong security is essential in today’s digital world. But determining the best strategy to defend against cyber threats can be complex. This guide provides simple explanations and advice to help you be more secure online. Whether you’re an IT professional or simply a consumer of digital services.
USCYBERCOM and Industry Partnerships to Strengthen Deterrence and Deterrence
Malicious cyber activity – hacking, cyberespionage, equipment malfunctions – has made cybersecurity a pressing concern. That reality drove the Department to design USCYBERCOM to engage adversaries in persistent campaigns below the level of armed conflict to strengthen deterrence and gain advantages.
The Department now integrates these operations into campaign and contingency planning as part of integrated deterrence. Our 2023 cyber strategy outlines how we will adjust our enterprise to advance these priorities.
Defend the Nation
The Department of Defense requires full-spectrum capabilities to defend its information networks and critical infrastructure from cyber espionage, sabotage, and influence operations that originate abroad. These capabilities need to be developed and refined through whole-of-nation plans, including a new set of priorities outlined in the 2023 National Cyberspace Strategy.
The Cyberspace Solarium Commission recommends that the Department develop comprehensive national cybersecurity operations to deter adversaries and promote a secure and resilient digital ecosystem for U.S. government and commercial systems alike. These operations will complement concurrent actions by the diplomatic, law enforcement, and intelligence communities, enabling the Department to leverage its unique advantages in a contested cyber domain.
Cybersecurity efforts will include pursuing investigations, prosecuting criminals, and developing policies that disrupt the online infrastructure that facilitates cyberattacks and enables them to be financially profitable for cybercriminals. The Department will also support whole-of-Government efforts to raise cybersecurity standards in order to reduce the utility of malicious cyber activity and make it more difficult for adversaries to disrupt the vital services Americans depend on every day.
Support the Joint Force
Many states and non-state actors see cyber means as a powerful force multiplier in achieving their objectives. They target our nation’s critical infrastructure, disrupt our operations, and erode our military advantage.
The Department’s National Mission Force teams defend the nation by seeing adversary activity, blocking attacks, and maneuvering to defeat them. Combat mission teams conduct military cyberspace operations in support of combatant commands. And Cyber Protection Teams defend the DoD Information Network, protect priority missions, and prepare cyber forces for combat.
The Department also bolsters interagency and international collaborations to aid attribution, defend networks, sanction bad behavior, and take the fight to our adversaries overseas. This includes the Department’s continued efforts to align DIB contract incentives with cybersecurity requirements, as well as its ongoing partnership with small-to-medium-sized businesses to improve information-sharing and encourage reporting of suspected malicious cyber activity.
Enable and Empower Allies and Partners
Achieving a safe, stable, and secure cyberspace requires cooperation from partners around the world. NSA works with allies and industry to share vulnerability information, promote cybersecurity awareness and research, and build partnerships that enhance capability.
As the world becomes increasingly connected, adversaries seek to undermine democratic societies and our way of life. From ransomware gangs to state-sponsored attacks, these threats present complex challenges for the Department and its partners.
USCYBERCOM is transforming to address these new, cross-domain challenges. The Command is expanding its mission capabilities with two components – the Cyber National Mission Force (CNMF) and Joint Force Headquarters-DoD Information Network (JFHQ-DoDIN). These efforts support the Department’s 2023 Cyber Strategy of “Defend Forward.” They also enable all of DoD to operate more effectively in this dynamic, contested domain. The Command’s growing partnership with industry, academia, and all of civil society helps defend against emerging threats. The Command’s “whole-of-society” approach is exemplified by the Cyber Civil Defense initiative, launched in 2022.
Enable the Defense Industrial Base
Many companies in the defense industrial base (DIB) rely on information systems to conduct their business, including providing critical products and services to DOD. They invest in cybersecurity despite lack of traditional economic incentives because it’s the right thing to do for our warfighters, it protects brand credibility with top customers, and it reduces risks in their supply chains.
Adversaries like Russia and the People’s Republic of China see cyber activity as a key part of their strategies to challenge our conventional military strength and degrade our operational capabilities. They are launching prolonged campaigns of espionage, theft, and compromise against our key networks and the broader DIB.
To enable the DIB, the Department is implementing a range of cyber threat information-sharing efforts, including aligning contract incentives with cybersecurity requirements for small-to-medium-sized businesses. Similarly, DOD continues to expand the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification Program to offer no-cost cybersecurity services to qualified small-to-medium-sized businesses that do business with the Department.
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5 Cybersecurity Predictions
Cybersecurity has become crucial to everything we use and do: from our homes, offices and cars to entertainment (interactive video games), work (email, documents) and healthcare. It is no wonder that attacks against this critical infrastructure are growing fast.
Attack trends follow a pattern of peaks, troughs and plateaus. Some attacks have a stable growth rate, others are increasing rapidly while others may even decline.
1. Cloud Computing
Most organizations use the cloud for data storage, which allows employees to access important information from any device. This has increased business productivity, but it also increases security risks.
Malicious actors often target cloud environments and leverage their interconnectedness to steal sensitive data. Additionally, cybercriminals can tamper with APIs and interfaces to gain access to systems and spread malware.
To address these issues, cybersecurity specialists must focus on the entire network. They must monitor internal and external threats and continuously evaluate their impact on the organization. Additionally, they must be prepared to respond quickly to any cyberattacks. This requires a shift to a data-centric approach, as well as education for all users on safe cyber habits.
2. Identity Theft
As businesses become more reliant on digital systems and personal information, they are increasingly attractive targets for identity thieves. This is a significant cybersecurity risk because it can lead to financial losses, legal ramifications, and reputational damage.
Even if the pandemic didn’t completely turn traditional work environments on their heads, hybrid work would have happened anyway. Regardless, dispersed workers, remote networking technologies, and a more connected digital supply chain all create an expanded attack surface.
We expect to see an increase in attacks against identity systems. Deepfakes and 3-D face swaps are now readily available to bad actors, which makes it easier for them to bypass security protocols. This could impact everything from customer trust to critical infrastructure damage. We also expect a proliferation of hacktivism from non-state actors, which can complicate cyber attribution and strategy.
3. Cryptocurrencies
Cryptocurrencies have become a popular investment and transaction method for individuals and businesses alike. They allow users to conduct transactions without the need for middlemen like banks, and are often seen as a disruptive technology that could change how we exchange value.
Because cryptocurrencies are digital, they are vulnerable to hacking. However, these attacks are difficult to execute because the coins’ ownership information is distributed across a blockchain-based ledger that makes it nearly impossible for attackers to double-spend or counterfeit them.
While cryptocurrencies are highly valuable and have numerous benefits, they also introduce new risks that cybersecurity leaders need to understand. This includes understanding how to properly store them and identifying the best way to comply with regulations, such as those pertaining to Anti-Money Laundering and Know Your Customer.
4. Social Engineering
Social engineering is a form of cyber attack that relies on manipulating the victim into performing ill-advised actions or divulging sensitive information. It is the most common attack method, making up more than 98% of all cyber attacks.
Examples of social engineering include tailgating (piggybacking), dumpster diving, and rogue security software. Also, attackers may use a tactic called watering hole attacks to infect websites visited by specific groups with malware, such as industry sites.
Employees should be alert for any request for their personal or company information, especially any that comes with a sense of urgency. Consistent training and awareness can help employees spot such requests. It can also help them avoid the pitfalls of social engineering, like clicking on a phishing link or granting unsolicited remote access to their devices.
5. Botnets
Botnets are large groups of malware-infected computers, or devices (such as smartphones, tablets and internet of things (IoT) hardware) that have been herded together to perform cyberattacks. Cybercriminals deploy botnets to carry out attacks such as DDoS, spam campaigns and financial breaches.
Criminals can deliver botnet malware to unknowing recipients through file sharing, email and social media application protocols or by exploiting vulnerabilities in websites and systems. Once a device is infected, it reports back to the hacker through a control server or, as the case may be, other hijacked devices.
The hackers, or bot herders, are often paid a commission for every device that is recruited to their network. Identifying and shutting down the centralized command servers would help reduce botnet attacks. A simple, even partial traceback technique could drastically change the economic equation for botmasters, convincing them that profits do not outweigh the risk of getting caught.
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